The Prophet Jeremiah
Posted by susanb99 on March 26, 2008
One of my favorite scriptures is in the book of Jeremiah. Jeremiah prophesied in the court of the Lord’s house. The priest, Pashhur, beat him up and put him in stocks. When Pashhur brought Jeremiah out of the stocks, this is what Jeremiah said:
The following is from the preface of the book of Jeremiah in a friend’s Bible. Unfortunately I don’t have a copy of it and I don’t know which Bible it’s from. Date: 626-586 B.C. Jeremiah, son of Hilkiah, was a prophet from the priestly town of Anathoth and perhaps was descended from Abiathar. The meaning of his name is uncertain, but “yahweh Exalts” and “yahweh Throws” are possibilities. More is known about the personal life of this prophet than any other in the Old Testament because he has given us so many glimpses into his thinking, concerns, and frustrations. Jeremiah was commanded not to marry or have children to illustrate his message that judgment was pending and that the next generation would be swept away. His closest friend and associate was his scribe Baruch. Other than this he had few friends. Only Ahikam, Ahikam’s son Gedaliah, and Ebed-Melech seem to qualify. Partly, this was because of the message of doom proclaimed by Jeremiah, a message contrary to the hope of the people and one that included a suggestion of surrender to the Babylonians. In spite of his message of doom, his scathing rebuke of the leaders, and contempt for idolatry, his heart ached for his people because he knew that Israel’s salvation could not be divorced from faith in God and a right covenantal relationsip expressed by obedience. Jeremiah prophesied to Judah during the reigns of Josiah, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah. His call is dated at 626 B.C., and his ministry continued until a short time after the fall of Jerusalem in 586 B.C. The prophet Zephaniah preceded Jeremiah slightly, and Nahum, Habakkuk, and Obakiah were contemporaries. Ezekiel was a younger contemporary who prophesied in Babylon from 593 to 571 B.C. Background In 609 B.C., Josiah was killed at Megiddo when he attempted to prevent Pharaoh Necho from going to the aid of the Assyrian remnant. Three sons of Josiah (Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, and Zedekiah) and a grandson (Jehoiachin) followed him on the throone. Jeremiah saw the folly of the political policy of these kings and warned them of God’s plan for Judah, but none of them heeded the warning. Jehoiakim was openly hostile to Jeremiah and destroyed one scroll sent by Jeremiah by cutting off a few columns at a a time and throwing them into the fire. Zedekiah was a weak and vacillating ruler, at times seeking Jeremiah’s advice, but at other times allowing Jeremiah’s enemies to mistreat and imprison him Content Jeremiah had a compassionate heart for his people and prayed for them even when the Lord told him not to do so. Yet he condemned the rulers, the priests, and false prophets for leading the people astray. He also attacked the people for their idolatry and proclaimed severe judgement unless the people repented. Because he knew God’s intentions he advocated surrender to the Babylonians and wrote to those already in exile to settle down and live normal lives. For his preaching he was branded a traitor by many. Jeremiah, however, had their best interest at heart. He knew that unless God’s covenant was honored, the natin would be destroyed. God was also interested in individuals and their relationship to Him. Like Ezekiel, he stressed individual responsibility. Jeremiah was just a youth when he was called to carry a severe message of doom to his people. He attempted to avoid this task but was unable to remain silent. The people had become so corrupt under Manasseh that God must bring an end to the nation. Defeated and teken hinto exile, they would reflect on what had happened to them and why. Then, after proper chastisement and repentance, God would bring a remnant back to Judah, punish the nations who had punished them, and fulfill His old covements with Israel, David, and the Levites. And He would give them a new covenant and write His law on their heats. David’s throne would again be established, and faithful priests would serve them. The oracles against foreign nations illustrate the sovereignty of God over the whole world. All nations belong to Him and all must answer to Him for their conduct. Literary Features Personal Application Much of the message of Jeremiah is relevant because it is timeless. Sin always must be punished, but true repentance brings restoration. Our idolatry, which consists of such things as wealth, talent, or position, is called by new names, but the sin is the same, and the remedy is the same. God calls for obedience to His commands in a pure covenantal relationship. Sin requires repentance and restoration; obedience leads to blessing and joy. Christ Revealed Several passages from Jeremiah are alluded to by Jesus in His teaching: “Has this house, which is called by My name, become a den of thieves in your eyes?” (7:11; Matt. 21:13); “Who have eyes and see not, and who have ears and hear not” (5:21; Mark 8:18); “Then you will find rest for your souls” (6:16; Matt. 11:29); “My people have been lost sheep” (50:6; Matt. 10:6). The Holy Spirit at Work Apart from the normal work of inspiring the prophet and revealing God’s message to him, the Holy Spirit is the One to carry out the promise of a new covenant that will put God’s law in the minds of His people and write it on their hearts. The external commands of the old covenant will now be internalized, and the believer will have the power to conform in every respect to the moral law of God. The knowledge of God will be universal, and other peoples will be included in God’s blessing. Under the old covenant forgiveness was promised, but now forgiveness comes with the promise that God will remember their sin no more. |
I. Call of Jeremiah |
1:1-19
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IV. Trials and sufferings of Jeremiah |
36:1–45:5
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II. Collection of discourses |
2:1–33:26
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A. Jehoiakim and the scrolls |
36:1-32
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A. Earliest oracles |
2:1–6:30
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B. Siege and fall of Jerusalem |
37;1–40:6
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B. Temple sermon and cultic abuses |
7:1–8:3
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C. Gedaliah and his assassination |
40:7–41:18
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C. Miscellaneous materials |
8:4–10:25
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D. The flight to Egypt |
42:1–43:7
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D. Events in Jeremiah’s life |
11:1–13:27
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E. Jeremiah in Egypt |
43:8–44:30
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E. Drought and other catastrophes |
14:1–15:21
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F. Oracle to Baruch |
45:1-5
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F. Warnings and prommises |
16:1–17:18
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V. Oracles against foreign nations |
46:1–51:64
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G. Keep the Sabbath day holy |
17:19-27
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A. Against Egypt |
46:1-28
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H. Lessons from the potter |
18:1–20:18
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B. Against the Philistines |
47:1-7
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I. Oracles against kings, prophets, and people |
21:1–24:10
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C. Against Moab |
48:1-47
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J. The Babylonian Exile |
25:1–29:32
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D. Against the Ammonites |
49:1-6
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K. The books of consolation |
30:1–33:26
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E. Against Edom |
49:7-22
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III. Historical appendix |
34:1–35:19
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F. Against Damascus |
49:23-27
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A. Warning to Zedekiah |
34:1-7
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G. Against Kedar and Hazor |
49:28-33
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B. Manumission of slaves revoked |
34:8-22
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H. Against Elam |
49:34-39
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C. The symbol of the Rechabites |
35:1-19
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I. Against Babylon |
50:1–51:64
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VI. Historical appendix |
52:1-34
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A. Zedekiah’s reign |
52:1-3
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B. Seige and fall of Jerusalem |
52:4-27
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C. Summary of three deportations |
52:28-30
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D. Release of Jehoiachin from prison |
52:31-34
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